Day 20: Infrastructure as Code - Hands-On Lab Guide

Lab 1: Install Terraform on Windows 🔧

Objective: Install Terraform CLI
Time: 15 minutes

Exercise 1.1: Install Terraform

1 Download Terraform

Go to: https://www.terraform.io/downloads
Download Windows AMD64 ZIP file
Extract terraform.exe to C:\terraform

2 Add to PATH

Press Windows + R, type sysdm.cpl
Advanced → Environment Variables
Edit PATH → Add C:\terraform
Click OK

3 Verify Installation

# Open new PowerShell window
terraform version

Terraform v1.7.0
on windows_amd64

✅ Checkpoint: Terraform installed and working

Lab 2: Create First Terraform Resource 🎯

Objective: Create Azure resource group with Terraform
Time: 30 minutes

Exercise 2.1: Create Terraform Files

1 Create Terraform Directory

cd $env:USERPROFILE\Desktop
mkdir terraform-demo
cd terraform-demo

2 Create main.tf

notepad main.tf

Add Terraform configuration:

# Configure Azure Provider
terraform {
  required_providers {
    azurerm = {
      source  = "hashicorp/azurerm"
      version = "~> 3.0"
    }
  }
}

provider "azurerm" {
  features {}
}

# Create Resource Group
resource "azurerm_resource_group" "main" {
  name     = "rg-terraform-demo"
  location = "East US"
  
  tags = {
    Environment = "Development"
    ManagedBy   = "Terraform"
    Owner       = "DevOps Team"
  }
}

Save and close

3 Initialize Terraform

# Initialize Terraform (downloads Azure provider)
terraform init

Initializing the backend...
Initializing provider plugins...
- Finding hashicorp/azurerm versions matching "~> 3.0"...
- Installing hashicorp/azurerm v3.85.0...
- Installed hashicorp/azurerm v3.85.0

Terraform has been successfully initialized!

4 Login to Azure

az login

You have logged in. Now let us find all the subscriptions to which you have access...

5 Plan Infrastructure Changes

terraform plan

Terraform will perform the following actions:

  # azurerm_resource_group.main will be created
  + resource "azurerm_resource_group" "main" {
      + id       = (known after apply)
      + location = "eastus"
      + name     = "rg-terraform-demo"
      + tags     = {
          + "Environment" = "Development"
          + "ManagedBy"   = "Terraform"
          + "Owner"       = "DevOps Team"
        }
    }

Plan: 1 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.

6 Apply Changes

terraform apply

Do you want to perform these actions?
  Terraform will perform the actions described above.
  Only 'yes' will be accepted to approve.

  Enter a value: yes

azurerm_resource_group.main: Creating...
azurerm_resource_group.main: Creation complete after 3s

Apply complete! Resources: 1 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.

7 Verify in Azure Portal

Open Azure Portal
Go to Resource Groups
See rg-terraform-demo created!
Check tags are applied

✅ Checkpoint: First infrastructure resource created with Terraform!

Lab 3: Create Complete Infrastructure 🏗️

Objective: Create Storage Account and Virtual Network
Time: 40 minutes

Exercise 3.1: Add Storage Account

1 Update main.tf

notepad main.tf

Add storage account resource:

# Create Storage Account
resource "azurerm_storage_account" "main" {
  name                     = "stcalcdemo${random_string.suffix.result}"
  resource_group_name      = azurerm_resource_group.main.name
  location                 = azurerm_resource_group.main.location
  account_tier             = "Standard"
  account_replication_type = "LRS"
  
  tags = {
    Environment = "Development"
    ManagedBy   = "Terraform"
  }
}

# Generate random suffix for unique storage name
resource "random_string" "suffix" {
  length  = 6
  special = false
  upper   = false
}

# Output storage account name
output "storage_account_name" {
  value = azurerm_storage_account.main.name
}

Save and close

2 Add Random Provider

Update terraform block at top of main.tf:

terraform {
  required_providers {
    azurerm = {
      source  = "hashicorp/azurerm"
      version = "~> 3.0"
    }
    random = {
      source  = "hashicorp/random"
      version = "~> 3.0"
    }
  }
}

3 Run Terraform

# Re-initialize for new provider
terraform init

# Plan changes
terraform plan

Plan: 2 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.
(random_string + storage_account)

# Apply
terraform apply -auto-approve

random_string.suffix: Creating...
random_string.suffix: Creation complete
azurerm_storage_account.main: Creating...
azurerm_storage_account.main: Creation complete

Apply complete! Resources: 2 added, 0 changed, 0 destroyed.

Outputs:
storage_account_name = "stcalcdemoabc123"

✅ Checkpoint: Multiple resources created with Terraform

Lab 4: Terraform in Azure Pipeline 🔗

Objective: Automate infrastructure deployment in pipeline
Time: 45 minutes

Exercise 4.1: Create Terraform Pipeline

1 Initialize Git Repository

git init
git add .
git commit -m "Initial Terraform code"

2 Create Pipeline YAML

notepad azure-pipelines-terraform.yml

Complete Terraform pipeline:

# Terraform Infrastructure Pipeline

trigger:
  paths:
    include:
    - terraform/**
    - '*.tf'

pool:
  vmImage: 'ubuntu-latest'

variables:
  terraformVersion: '1.7.0'
  workingDirectory: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)'

stages:
- stage: TerraformValidate
  displayName: 'Validate Terraform'
  jobs:
  - job: Validate
    steps:
    - task: TerraformInstaller@0
      displayName: 'Install Terraform'
      inputs:
        terraformVersion: $(terraformVersion)
    
    - task: TerraformTaskV4@4
      displayName: 'Terraform Init'
      inputs:
        provider: 'azurerm'
        command: 'init'
        workingDirectory: $(workingDirectory)
        backendServiceArm: 'Azure-Subscription'
    
    - task: TerraformTaskV4@4
      displayName: 'Terraform Validate'
      inputs:
        provider: 'azurerm'
        command: 'validate'
        workingDirectory: $(workingDirectory)

- stage: TerraformPlan
  displayName: 'Plan Infrastructure'
  dependsOn: TerraformValidate
  jobs:
  - job: Plan
    steps:
    - task: TerraformInstaller@0
      inputs:
        terraformVersion: $(terraformVersion)
    
    - task: TerraformTaskV4@4
      displayName: 'Terraform Init'
      inputs:
        provider: 'azurerm'
        command: 'init'
        workingDirectory: $(workingDirectory)
        backendServiceArm: 'Azure-Subscription'
    
    - task: TerraformTaskV4@4
      displayName: 'Terraform Plan'
      inputs:
        provider: 'azurerm'
        command: 'plan'
        workingDirectory: $(workingDirectory)
        environmentServiceNameAzureRM: 'Azure-Subscription'

- stage: TerraformApply
  displayName: 'Apply Infrastructure'
  dependsOn: TerraformPlan
  jobs:
  - deployment: ApplyTerraform
    displayName: 'Apply Terraform Changes'
    environment: 'Infrastructure'
    strategy:
      runOnce:
        deploy:
          steps:
          - checkout: self
          
          - task: TerraformInstaller@0
            inputs:
              terraformVersion: $(terraformVersion)
          
          - task: TerraformTaskV4@4
            displayName: 'Terraform Init'
            inputs:
              provider: 'azurerm'
              command: 'init'
              workingDirectory: $(workingDirectory)
              backendServiceArm: 'Azure-Subscription'
          
          - task: TerraformTaskV4@4
            displayName: 'Terraform Apply'
            inputs:
              provider: 'azurerm'
              command: 'apply'
              workingDirectory: $(workingDirectory)
              environmentServiceNameAzureRM: 'Azure-Subscription'

Save and close

3 Push to Azure Repos

git add .
git commit -m "Add Terraform pipeline"
git remote add origin YOUR_AZURE_REPOS_URL
git push -u origin main

4 Create Environment

Go to Pipelines → Environments
Create new: Infrastructure
Add approval for infrastructure changes

5 Run Pipeline

Create pipeline in Azure DevOps
Select terraform YAML file
Watch three stages:
✅ Validate - Check Terraform syntax
✅ Plan - Show what will be created
✅ Apply - Create infrastructure (needs approval)

✅ Checkpoint: Infrastructure provisioned via automated pipeline

🎯 Lab Summary

What You've Accomplished:

✅ Installed Terraform CLI on Windows
✅ Created first Terraform configuration
✅ Used terraform init, plan, apply workflow
✅ Created Azure resources with Terraform
✅ Automated Terraform in Azure Pipeline
✅ Understood Infrastructure as Code concept

Terraform Workflow:

Write: Create .tf files
Init: Download providers
Plan: Preview changes
Apply: Create infrastructure
Verify: Check in Azure Portal

📝 Terraform Quick Reference

# Initialize
terraform init

# Format code
terraform fmt

# Validate syntax
terraform validate

# Plan changes
terraform plan

# Apply changes
terraform apply

# Apply without prompt
terraform apply -auto-approve

# Show current state
terraform show

# List resources
terraform state list

# Destroy all resources
terraform destroy

🏗️ Day 20: Infrastructure as Code - Hands-On Guide

Lab 1: Install Terraform on Windows 🔧

Exercise 1.1: Install Terraform

Lab 2: Create First Terraform Resource 🎯

Exercise 2.1: Create Terraform Files

Lab 3: Create Complete Infrastructure 🏗️

Exercise 3.1: Add Storage Account

Lab 4: Terraform in Azure Pipeline 🔗

Exercise 4.1: Create Terraform Pipeline

🎯 Lab Summary

What You've Accomplished:

Terraform Workflow:

📝 Terraform Quick Reference

🎉 Day 20 Complete!